| Skill | Job profile | Degree of specialisation | Degree of knowledge | Demand from labour market |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | 3D modeller | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | application engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | chief information officer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | chief technology officer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | computer hardware engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | computer hardware engineering technician | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | computer numerical control machine operator | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | computer-aided design operator | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | data warehouse designer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | database designed | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | database developer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | electrical engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | embedded system designer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | embedded systems software developer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | enterprise architect | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | ICT intelligent systems designer | High | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | ICT system architect | High | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | integration engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | knowledge engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | mechatronics engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | mobile application developer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | numerical tool and process control programmer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | software analyst | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | software architect | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | software developer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | system configurator | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | telecommunications engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | telecommunications engineering technician | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | user interface designer | Medium | High | High |
| Computer programming (Python, C, C++, R, Java, MATLAB, Lisp, Prolog) | user interface developer | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | aerospace engineer | High | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | aerospace engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | aerospace engineering technician | High | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | automotive engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | automotive engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | automotive engineering technician | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | industrial engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | marine engineer | High | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | marine engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | marine engineering technician | High | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | mechanical engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | naval architect | High | High | High |
| Guidance, navigation and control | satellite engineer | High | High | High |
| Control engineering | automation engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | automation engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | electrical engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | electronics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | industrial engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | instrumentation engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | mechanical engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | mechatronics engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | mechatronics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | microsystem engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | optical engineer | High | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | optoelectronic engineer | High | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | robotics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | sensor engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Control engineering | sensor engineering technician | Medium | Medium | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | aerospace engineer | High | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | aerospace engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | application engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | automotive designer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | automotive engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | automotive engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | calculation engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | container equipment design engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | design engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | electrical drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | electromechanical drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | electronics drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | ergonomist | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | fluid power engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | industrial designer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | industrial engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | industrial tool design engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | integrated circuit design engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | marine engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | material stress analyst | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | mechanical engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | mechanical engineering drafter | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | model maker | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | printed circuit board designer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | rotating equipment engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | satellite engineer | High | High | High |
| Create a product's virtual model | tooling engineer | Medium | High | High |
| Cloud technologies | chief data officer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | data analyst | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | ICT business analyst | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | ICT capacity planner | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | IT auditor | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | knowledge engineer | Medium | Medium | High |
| Cloud technologies | system configurator | Medium | Medium | High |
| Using digital tools for processing sound and images | broadcast technician | High | Medium | Medium |
| Using digital tools for processing sound and images | remote sensing technician | High | Medium | Medium |
| Utilise machine learning | application engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Utilise machine learning | software developer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Algorithms | application engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Algorithms | mathematician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Algorithms | statistical assistant | Medium | High | Medium |
| Algorithms | statistician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | aircraft interior technician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | data centre operator | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | database developer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | embedded systems software developer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | ICT system architect | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | ICT system integration consultant | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | integration engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | marine upholsterer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | mobile application developer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | software developer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | system configurator | Medium | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | telecommunications engineer | High | High | Medium |
| Integrate system components | telecommunications engineering technician | High | High | Medium |
| Robot programming | application engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Robot programming | industrial robot controller | Medium | High | Medium |
| Robot programming | mechatronics engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Robot programming | robotics engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Robot programming | robotics engineering technician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Maintain robotic equipment | industrial robot controller | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Maintain robotic equipment | mechanical engineer | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Maintain robotic equipment | robotics engineer | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Maintain robotic equipment | robotics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Robotic components | application engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | component engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | electrical engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | electronics engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | equipment engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | industrial robot controller | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | mechanical engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | robotics engineer | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Robotic components | robotics engineering technician | Medium | Low | Medium |
| Run simulations | calculation engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Run simulations | energy engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Run simulations | solar energy engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | aerodynamics engineer | High | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | application engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | biometrician | High | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | chief technology officer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | computer scientist | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | ICT research manager | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | material stress analyst | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | mathematician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | mechanical engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | research engineer | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | statistical assistant | Medium | High | Medium |
| Scientific research methodology | statistician | Medium | High | Medium |
| Functional safety of control systems | air traffic safety technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | application engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | automation engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | automation engineering technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | electrical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | electronics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | equipment engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | industrial engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | industrial robot controller | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | instrumentation engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | mechanical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | mechatronics assembler | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | mechatronics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | mechatronics engineering technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | robotics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Functional safety of control systems | robotics engineering technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Utilise deep learning | embedded systems software developer | Medium | High | Low |
| Utilise deep learning | ICT intelligent systems designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Utilise deep learning | knowledge engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Apply 3D imaging techniques | 3D animator | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Apply 3D imaging techniques | 3D modeller | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Apply 3D imaging techniques | ergonomist | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Apply 3D imaging techniques | industrial engineer | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | 3D printing technician | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | automotive engineering drafter | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | computer-aided design operator | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | container equipment design engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | electrical drafter | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | electronics drafter | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | engine designer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | ergonomist | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | fluid power engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | industrial tool design engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | integrated circuit design engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | mechanical engineering drafter | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | model maker | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | numerical tool and process control programmer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | packing machinery engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | printed circuit board designer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Use CAD software | tooling engineer | Low | Medium | Low |
| Real-time computing | embedded system designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Analyse big data | data analyst | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Analyse big data | information manager | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Analyse big data | statistical assistant | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Analyse big data | statistician | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | aircraft interior technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | application engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | automation engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | automotive engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | design engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | electrical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | electronics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | ICT system architect | High | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | ICT system integration consultant | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | industrial engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | integration engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | mechanical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | mechatronics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | robotics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Model Based System Engineering | satellite engineer | High | High | Low |
| Design control systems | air traffic safety technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Design control systems | electrical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design control systems | instrumentation engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Risk management | business intelligence manager | High | High | Low |
| Risk management | corrosion technician | Medium | High | Low |
| Risk management | electrical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | electrical mechanic | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | mechanical engineer | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | mechatronics assembler | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | mechatronics engineer | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | mechatronics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | robotics engineer | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Assemble mechatronic units | robotics engineering technician | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Design user interface | application engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | data warehouse designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | electrical engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | electronics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | embedded systems software developer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | mobile application developer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | software developer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | user interface designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Design user interface | user interface developer | Medium | High | Low |
| Lead process optimisation | industrial engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Lead process optimisation | maintenance and repair engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Lead process optimisation | production engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Embedded systems | embedded system designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Embedded systems | embedded systems software developer | High | High | Low |
| Embedded systems | integration engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Embedded systems | system configurator | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | application engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | equipment engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | industrial designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | industrial engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | manufacturing engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Human-robot collaboration | robotics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Integration of 5G services with Cloud Services | ICT capacity planner | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | application engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | equipment engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | industrial designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | integration engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | manufacturing engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | robotics engineer | Medium | High | Low |
| Machine-machine collaboration | system configurator | Medium | High | Low |
| Principles of artificial intelligence | application engineer | Medium | Low | Low |
| Principles of artificial intelligence | ICT intelligent systems designer | Medium | Low | Low |
| Principles of artificial intelligence | knowledge engineer | Medium | Low | Low |
| Distributed computing | database administrator | Medium | High | Low |
| Perform data mining | 3D modeller | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | computer scientist | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | data analyst | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | data scientist | High | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | database developer | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | database integrator | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | ICT information and knowledge manager | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | ICT research manager | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Perform data mining | information manager | Medium | Medium | Low |
| Signal processing | embedded system designer | High | Medium | Low |
| Signal processing | telecommunications engineer | High | Medium | Low |
| Decision support systems | chief data officer | High | High | Low |
| Decision support systems | chief information officer | High | High | Low |
| Decision support systems | chief technology officer | High | High | Low |
| Decision support systems | ICT business analyst | Medium | High | Low |
| Decision support systems | ICT information and knowledge manager | High | High | Low |
| Decision support systems | knowledge engineer | High | High | Low |
| Use localisation tools | application engineer | High | High | Low |
| Use localisation tools | user interface designer | Medium | High | Low |
| Routing, trajectory planning, optimisation, guidance and control | ICT intelligent systems designer | High | High | High |
| Satellites | satellite engineer | High | Low | Medium |
| Target tracking | software developer | High | High | Low |
| Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) | embedded system designer | High | High | Low |
| Radars | remote sensing technician | High | Low | Low |
| Radars | software developer | High | Low | Low |
| IFF systems and anti-surface warfare sensors | software developer | High | High | Low |
| Electronic Warfare | software developer | High | High | Low |
| Geographic information systems (GIS) | remote sensing technician | High | High | Low |
Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein
